![]() This paper is not intended to be a prescriptive rule book for MEGA-PRESS or GABA acquisition and analysis rather, it is intended as a useful guide to current “minimal-best” practice as reached from consensus amongst researchers in the MRS field present at the meeting. This paper focuses on MEGA-PRESS ( Mescher et al., 1996, 1998) editing for GABA at 3 T, as this is currently the most widely used MRS technique for quantifying GABA and therefore the most promising ground on which to build consensus. The purpose of the meeting was to present recent findings ( Boy et al., 2010, 2011 Foerster et al., 2012a, 2012b Michels et al., 2012 O'Gorman et al., 2011b Petrou et al., 2012 Puts et al., 2011) and to discuss issues of acquisition, processing and quantification encountered in performing these studies. In response to this development, researchers from several spectroscopy groups met in August 2011 to discuss current practice for the use of the MEGA-PRESS sequence for GABA-edited MRS ( Edden and Barker, 2007 Mescher et al., 1998 Rothman et al., 1993 Terpstra et al., 2002). While high field (3 T–7 T) short echo sequences have shown some promise in allowing detection of GABA ( Hu et al., 2007 Mekle et al., 2009 Napolitano et al., 2012 Stagg et al., 2011), recent technical advances and increased availability of spectral editing sequences have resulted in a rapid growth in the use of edited proton MRS to detect the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in both the healthy and diseased brain ( Puts and Edden, 2012). ![]() GABA in particular has proven to be difficult to reliably measure in-vivo with standard single voxel techniques, in large part due to the spectral overlap of the main GABA peaks with peaks of other neurotransmitters which are present in much greater concentrations, in particular the creatine (Cr) peak at 3.0 ppm. In particular a large number of studies into methods to accurately and reliably measure the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) have taken place, a few of which are referenced here ( Edden and Barker, 2007 Evans et al., 2010 Hancu, 2009 Henry et al., 2010 Hurd et al., 2004 Jang et al., 2005 Jensen et al., 2005a Mullins et al., 2008 Rothman et al., 1993 Waddell et al., 2007). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a non invasive technique to measure neurometabolites in vivo.
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